Mexico City s Sheer Size - 1570 Words

Mexico City’s history contains many different identities experienced by both the people and government. The city’s sheer size poses many challenges when it comes to governing and representation of each individual. Often, government officials are not elected but appointed to represent the citizens of Mexico, causing many conflicts of interest (Perlman and Guadarrama 144-145). Mexico’s history is one of constant identity shifts. According to Mexican anthropologist Guillermo Bonfil Batalla, Mexico has often been in opposition between two groups, those of â€Å"Mesoamerican origin† and those groups with their own visions of â€Å"Western civilization† (Batalla 28). Opposing views of national identity contributed to the narrative around modernization in Mexico City. The view of modernization is one of looking to the future while holding onto the past; being technologically innovative yet holding on to cultural roots. In the 1960’s, Mexico’s desire to become a modern nation in the eyes of the world was therefore a stitching together of standards set by the rest of the modern world with Mexico’s always-present heritage. When Mexico was awarded the Olympics, their government took advantage of their chance to compete on a global stage (Castaà ±eda 113). They began to take the necessary steps in preparation for their 1968 world debut; including the creation of architecture as one such innovation; for instance, Mario Pani’s housing complex, Conjunto Habitacional Urbano Nonoalco Tlatelolco. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Perceived Nature Of Contemporary Urban Life Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe Perceived Nature of Contemporary Urban Life Many writers are wondering whether the increased scale and proportion of the cities are exceeding human capabil- ities to live under conditions of security and mutual sup- port and concern. Some feel the sheer scale of urban life is forcing individual identity to yield to anonymity, indifference, and narrow self-interest. Commentaries on the growing fear, powerlessness, and anger of urban resi- dents are numerous. Yet, even against the backdrop ofRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1500 Words   |  6 PagesGalveston. Preparations were secretly made for an expedition against the island. Two steamboats, the Neptune and Bayou City, on Buffalo bayou, were converted into cottonclads by erecting breastworks of cotton bales around their decks, and these were manned by Sibley’s brigade, a body of tried troops, under command of Gen. H. H. Sibley, which had just returned from a campaign in New Mexico. Two other vessels, the Lucy Gwinn and the John F. Carr, were put into service as ten ders. On December 29, 1862,Read MoreOn The Dawn Of October 16Th, 1962, Began A 13-Day Standoff1196 Words   |  5 Pagesnuclear power, the events that led up to the missile crisis, the thirteen days the missile crisis took place and the measures taken to stop nuclear war. On August 6th, 1945, the world got their first look at the sheer power and destruction atomic weapons were capable of. Los Alamos, New Mexico was the birthplace of the atomic bomb with Robert Oppenheimer as its father. The secretive Manhattan Project resulted in the production of the worlds first atomic bombs that ended the second world wars pacificRead MoreOn The Dawn Of October 16Th 1962 Began A 13 Day Standoff1196 Words   |  5 Pagesnuclear power, the events that led up to the missile crisis, the thirteen days the missile crisis took place and the measures taken to stop nuclear war. On August 6th 1945 the world got their first look at the sheer power and destruction atomic weapons were capable of. Los Alamos, New Mexico was the birthplace of the atomic bomb with Robert Oppenheimer as its father. The secretive Manhattan Project resulted in the production of the worlds first atomic bombs that ended the second world wars pacificRead MoreDemocracy Is An Imperfect System1404 Words   |  6 PagesState Bar of Texas. On the personal side, in 1987 she married Jeff Davis, who also adopted her daughter from the previous marriage. Together they had another daughter named Dru. Her political career began in 1996 when she was defeated in a Fort Worth city council election. She won in 1999 and kept the seat for nine years. In 2008 she was elected as the senator from district 10 (Fort Worth) defeating republican Kim Brimer. In 2014 Ms. Davis decided to run for state governor, instead of defending herRead More The Role of the Cartels, the United States and the Mexican Federal Government in the Drug War 2421 Words   |  10 Pages The â€Å"Drug War† along the border of Mexico and the United States is one of the longest coordinated engagements of law enforcement (who have accepted the aid of the Mexican military) in both countries’ history (Winslow, 2015). The history of this unofficial war is extraordinarily complicated; rife with both political and criminal players, violence, corruption, bad policy, and controversy. Its importance to America and Mexico cannot be underestimated, especially in its role in legislation, law enforcementRead MoreForeign Threats And Its Effects On The United States1787 Words   |  8 Pagesthreat levels what has homeland security evolved into, and why is it important in Texas amongst the rest of the southern states that share a border with Mexico? With the combination of international airports, a large coastline, and a long stretch of border Texas can potentially be vulnerable from numerous foreign threats be cause of its sheer size and lack of oversight of many locations. Securing the nation’s borders has been a concept of interest for the federal and state government since the lateRead MoreThe Five Accommodation Options3172 Words   |  13 Pageson 655 27th street, San Francisco CA 94131. It can be found in the peaceful and homely neighborhood of Noe Valley. According to Trulia.com, a real estate website: Fabulous, Art Deco, mid-century home. Main floor has large living room with partial city and bay views with picture window and fireplace. Updated kitchen has granite countertops and dishwasher and opens into light-filled dining room. Multiple skylights throughout bring in lots of natural light. Remodeled bath with Jacuzzi tub, custom tileRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Unhealthy Food2501 Words   |  11 Pagesprice increase. Subsequently, if an UFT was enacted in the US, the consumption of unhealthy foods would theoretically go down just like the soda consumption did in Mexico. A decrease in consumerism due to a tax has been observed in the US as well in the form of a cigarette tax. The trends gathered from the sugary beverage tax in Mexico suggested that a soda tax would work similarly to the cigarette tax in the US (Sanger-Katz 1). The cigarette tax was found to be effective in pushing down the salesRead MoreUnhealthy Food : Is A Tax On Food Acceptable?2539 Words   |  11 Pagesprice increase. Subsequently, if an UFT was enacted in the US, the consumption of unhealthy foods would theoretically go down just like the soda consumption did in Mexico. A decrease in consumerism due to a tax has been observed in the US as well in the form of a cigarette tax. The trends gathered from the sugary beverage tax in Mexico suggested that a soda tax would work similarly to the cigarette tax in the US (Sanger-Katz 1). The cigarette tax was found to be effective in pushing down the sales

Leadership Styles Of The Marine Corps - 1713 Words

The majority of my experience dealing with leadership in the Marine Corps had been both positive and negative. It always seemed like the great leaders that I did have the pleasure of following never had the chance to survive due to their power hungry superiors. We are all able to learn from the mistakes and success from all styles of leadership. What I am learning from this course is that each style of leadership can work depending on the type of organization. I try to imagine and embrace the thought of a world lead by transformational leadership. Leadership that would sets the standard for all organizations and leaders. Leaders should understand how significant their influences are and how they are in the positions to empower followers to invoke positive and ethical change that could create a ripple effect in today’s business world. In this paper I will be analyzing Martin Shkreli’s leadership style, focusing on how his values, ethics and abuse of power ultimately plum meted him into a pool of corruption and failure. Martin is currently one of the most disliked individuals in Wall Street, social media and by the consumers that rely on the life saving drug, Daraprim. Not only am I appalled by Martine Shkreli’s leadership style, I am also very disappointed with how long his followers encouraged his behavior. It is very important to understand that all of the responsibility does not fall all on the leadership. The boards of directors, stakeholders and the followers have as muchShow MoreRelatedMy Leadership Credo Mission Accomplishment939 Words   |  4 PagesMy Leadership Credo Mission Accomplishment My training to become a United States Marine began when the bus reached Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina. I was awakened from a sound sleep by a screaming man telling everybody to get off the bus, and get outside on the yellow foot prints. This was my first encounter with a Marine Drill Instructor. He had my undivided attention, and I followed his order without hesitation. Right before my eyes the building blocks to howRead MoreDifferent Definitions Of Leadership, My Leadership Style, How I Think And Today s Time865 Words   |  4 PagesWithout Leadership Everyone Would Be Lost and Disorganized If a person was to ponder about where leadership is found they would eventually conclude it is everywhere. Leadership could be argued that when God made the earth and all of its creatures that he gave us the capability to lead. We see this from Adam and Eve, Noah, Sampson, Abraham, David, Sara, Mary, Jesus and all of his disciples. Anyone can be an effective leader if they are educated on how to be one. Leaders are found everywhere inRead MoreMarine Corps Leadership Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesMarine Corps Leadership NonCommissioned Officers are the backbone of the Marine Corps.    Each leader is very different from the other.    Some Marines enjoy being a corporal only because of the increase in rank and pay.    A few become the tactless leaders junior Marines try to avoid.    Fortunately, many others strive to become the leader that other Marines wish to emulate.    They know what it means to be a good leader.    Those Marines have the traits of a leader and they get to know their Marines Read MoreThe Strengths and Weaknesses of General James Mad Dog Mattis813 Words   |  4 Pages There are a variety of ways to define both leader and leadership. There is not, however, a clear definition of how to become one. There is no set list of mandatory traits, either innate or learned, that a person must embody to be considered successful or proved a failure. What I feel it takes is the right mix of strengths and weaknesses in a given situation to demonstrate effectiveness. No one person has abilities without accompanying deficiencies. It’s all in the way they are balanced. The balanceRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1127 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence, goals, and people is what leadership has been built off of creating variations of different types of leadership traits and styles. Leadership is simply defined as the ability to impact people to obtain a certain goal or accomplishment. In any type of business or corporation, leadership is an overall activity that is only distinctive among people within an organization. Uncertainty is a variation that come with a leadership role. This variation makes a leader a quick thinker and valuesRead MoreThe Qualities Of Marine Corps Drill1277 Words   |  6 PagesThey maintain a hopeful attitude, even in the face of discouraging setbacks, constant criticism and abundant opposition. People don’t follow discouraged leaders. They follow those who persist with hope.† In every situation, the ultimate p urpose of leadership is to influence others to accomplish a shared goal. In order to be an effective leader, one must possess certain key traits. These traits include: intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability (trait approach). I am ofRead MoreTraits Of Military Leaders Vs Corporate Leaders1536 Words   |  7 PagesThey maintain a hopeful attitude, even in the face of discouraging setbacks, constant criticism and abundant opposition. People don’t follow discouraged leaders. They follow those who persist with hope.† In every setting, the ultimate purpose of leadership is to influence others to accomplish a shared goal. In order to be an effective leader, one must possess certain key traits. These traits include: intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability (trait approach). I am ofRead Moreleading Marines Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pages Leading Marines Lance Corporal Steven M. Spencer CLB-31 / Embark 2013/10/18 To: Gunnery Sergeant Sandoval / # / 0491 Originator: Lance Corporal Steven M. Spencer / 1262282666 / 0431 Task: Provide an essay summarizing MCWP 6-11 Leading Marines, also answer the question of, ‘Why did the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps want every Marine to read MCWP 6-11’, with 1000-1500 words. Method: By reading MCWP 6-11 Leading Marines, answer and write an analysis on the objectivesRead MoreHistory of the U.S. Marine Corps Noncommissioned Officer 1958-Present987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe U.S. Marine Corps Noncommissioned Officer 1958-Present Noncommissioned Officers are the backbone of the Marine Corps. Each leader is vastly different from the other. Some Marines enjoy being a corporal only because of the increase in rank and pay. A few become the tactless leaders junior Marines try to avoid. Fortunately, many others mature into Marines who strive to become the leader that other Marines wish to emulate. They know what it means to be a good leader. Those Marines have theRead MoreThe Process of Becoming a Marine Corps Officer1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Marine Corps has been protecting America’s freedom and acting as a symbol of strength since 1775. The United States Marine Corps is a force for greatness, bound to the words liberty and justice, sworn to protect every American soul. Marines have battled on land, in air, and at sea for their country and many brave men and women have lost their lives in the line of fire. These brave soldiers are lead by intelligent officers who are strong leaders, quick decisi on makers, and possess great mental

Remarkable changes Essay Example For Students

Remarkable changes Essay By the second extract we can see a lot of remarkable changes In Pip, before we see him living with his brother in law Joe in the countryside, however he now lives with Herbert Pocket, in London and is now a wealthy, affluent and prosperous gentlemen. A gentleman in this novel has two ideas. One idea is that a gentleman is made what he is by his social status or class. Another idea that has been addressed by Dickens is that being a true gentleman is a matter of virtue and honesty. In this chapter we can see the first idea displayed of being a true gentleman by Pip. In the beginning of this chapter, we see that Magwitch turns up at Pips room in London. The reader can eventually establish right away some tension between Pip and Magwitch. We can see Magwitch hence again in control when he says, as ask you have done well, since you and me was out on them lone shivering marshes?. Pip must be in shock and doesnt know what to say as Magwitch is visiting him after a long time. The reader can establish this in his reaction, I begin to tremble. This expression shows that he must have been so fearful and anxious that he was shaking slightly. This can also be anticipation of something he might not want to hear. Now we can see three clues, in which Magwitch tells Pip that he is his benefactor, and one must remember that we as the audience find out the same as Pip does, because we are seeing this whole novel through Pip. Firstly he asks could I make a guess, I wonder at your income since you come of age! As to the first figure now, Five. We can evidently see that Magwitch that is in control and is manipulating Pip just like he did in the first chapter. Right from the beginning of this chapter, we see that Magwitch has been, steadily looking, because he is the one that has created and fashioned this gentleman and he wants to see what he is like. However on the other hand we can see that Pip is now not only shocked but traumatized, as he would have been undoubtedly wondering, how Magwitch knows about this. The audience can establish this when he says with my heart beating like a heavy hammer, this simile shows just how tensed and bewildered Pip must have been, also the fact that his heart was beating like a heavy hammer, emphasizes the thunderous noise that an hammer comes, and this likened to how rapid his heart must have been making. Then we see the second step to this revelation, the audience can see this when Magwitch asks, There ought to have been some guardian, or such like, whiles you was a minor. Some lawyer maybe. As to the first, letter of that lawyer s name now would it be J. So again we see that Magwitch having full power over Pip. However Pips reaction again is full of fear. All the truth of my position came falling back to me. So he is shocked as he is wondering at the amount of information Magwitch knows in his journey to becoming a gentleman, also he himself is starting to remember all the changes that he had to make to turn into a gentleman, its disappointments, dangers, disgraces. Here we see the alliteration of d being used, and also the power of 3 to show added emphasis. However Pip after finding out that Magwitch is his benefactor, he is filled up with, abhorrence and repugnance. So he is evidently disgusted by this and loathes Magwitch, as he listens to a terrible beast.  However further on in the novel we can see great changes within Magwitch and Pip. In the Victorian era, if a person committed a crime, then because the prisons were filled to capacity with wrongdoers, they were sent to Australia, where they could earn money, and have an ordinary life. There was one condition though, which is that they never return to England. However Magwitch breaks this requirement, because the temptation to see Pip gets the better of him, and he escapes to England to see him. Eventually he does get caught and he is sentenced to death. .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .postImageUrl , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:hover , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:visited , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:active { border:0!important; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:active , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The final scene of 'Of Mice and Men' EssayAs Magwitch lire there dying in prison, we can see a distinctive change in Pip. He has gone from being a selfish and conceited gentleman, to a humble, modest and dignified gentleman. The reader can see this, when Pip feels guilty for Magwitch, once meaning to desert him. Also Pip is concerned about Magwitch, when he asks, Are you in much pain to-day. So from this quote we can see the change that has occurred to Pip. Indeed, Pip has become a true gentleman, in having respect for others, treating others equally, and also looking after other people and family.

Description Of A House Essay Example For Students

Description Of A House Essay DiscipleshipAt the mention of the word disciple, the image most people conjure up is that of a faithful pupil, a person more than willing to follow the teachings of their leader without question. However, the early disciples didnt always conform to this stereotype. In fact, they sometimes showed a complete lack of faith, finding it extremely hard to accept Jesus word in their hearts. Jesus appointed twelve disciples to symbolise each of the twelve tribes of Israel. In doing so, it was as if he were replacing the Old Judaism with his new covenant. This symbolised a new, more personal relationship with God through his Son Jesus Christ. In choosing his apostles, Jesus showed us that the call is open to all of us, as his chosen twelve all had a different trade, and led varying ways of life. With such a mixed group, it is no wonder there were a few differences of opinion. An excellent example is the relationship between Simon the Zealot, and Matthew the tax collector. While Zealots were political freedom fighters, tax collectors were the hated collaborates of the Romans. Therefore you can imagine that tax collectors and zealots, if left to their own devices, were normally sworn enemies. However, Matthew and Simon still managed to live relatively peaceful lives together, putting into practice the commandment love thy neighbour as thyself. They were called, and rose to the challenge of that call by their commitment to respond. It was not necessary to posses any special quality to be a disciple of Jesus, and they were all far from perfect. Take Peter for example, he wasnt particularly quick-witted. In fact, he often had trouble grasping the message Jesus was trying to get across, as shown in the Parables, where in the Parable of the Sower, (Mark 4:1-9), he found it no easier then the rest of the disciples to understand Gods message. Neither did he have unquestionable faith. He demonstrates this (as did the other disciples) when they were all in a boat together with Jesus in the middle of the Lake Galilee on a particularly stormy night. He and the other disciples became so frantic with worry that they decided to wake Jesus (Mk 4:35-41). Surely, if you cannot feel safe when you have the Son of God asleep in the same boat as you, you never will! Another example of Peter displaying a serious lapse of faith is when he denied Jesus three times, even after as we learn in Mark, chapter 8, taking part in the wholly religious experience of the Transfiguration. Despite all these faults however, and many more, he was still appointed as the first Pope of the Roman Catholic church, and eventually ended up dying for his beliefs (Acts of the Apostles). At that time, this was not unusual, as many Christians were being persecuted for their beliefs. A man named Mark soon realized that in order to keep the Christian faith alive and strong, he would have to write the Gospel. However, Marks Gospel is not a biography. He did not include every minor detail, but only the points about Jesus that he thought were helpful for his community to cope with persecution. For this reason, I will be using Marks Gospel as reference material throughout this essay, and also because there is a sense in which Marks gospel, with the intention of giving testimony to the Good News, also provides an extremely effective teaching manual for his early church readership. I have already shown that from Marks Gospel we learn that the call to discipleship is open to all, in Christs broad selection of people and personalities ranging from fiery, hard working fishermen, to a tax collector and a political agitator. Mark also shows his readers that a crisis of faith is a cceptable. After all, if Peter provides the model of Discipleship we all need to remember, it is that it was Peters perseverance that got him through hard times. His heart was in the right place, and he didnt give up!Marks Gospel therefore provides a great deal of information that teaches us about the nature of discipleship, so from reading it we can also choose to respond to what we

World Literature Eng 203 Flashcard

World Literature Eng 203

Social Influences on Behavior

Social Influences on Behavior Social influences are things that alter or influence an individual’s feelings, conduct, opinions, or actions. Both sociologists and psychologists find this concept of great value, for example, social influence is a pivotal tool for marketing, smoking and many more.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Influences on Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the very many things under focus when handling the concept of social influence is how external factors affect behavior of certain faction or discrete individuals. In other words, nobody is exclusive of social influence as it can occur in any social condition. For instance, let us take prejudice, attraction and love as examples of social influences. It is quite apparent that prejudice develops feelings of misery or hate. On the other hand, love and attraction brings feelings that an individual can help one up. Whether positive or negative, these condi tions can light a rollercoaster ride in the brain and make an individual change from being irate to blissful or from cheerful to fuming, within a split second. Thus, undoubtedly, love and prejudice remains two paramount circumstances that induce sturdy feelings in humans-the chieftains of human behavior in society (Ainette Carmella, 2011, p.1). According to Kowalski and Westen (2009), schemas are the vital blueprint of thoughts, which systematize experience and direct the processing of information about human beings and situation. They go on saying that for this to occur, an impression of a person is necessary before anything else. Their work shows people that develop the first impression by observing the behavior of outgoing and attractive individuals. Thus, if a person appears shy and reticent, the observer will have a shoddier first impression. In short, the first impression, either good or bad, forms the source of social behaviors. For instance, prejudice can make people behave imperfectly bearing in mind many people do not like the idea of becoming outcasts due to stereotype. It is thus important to note that the first impressions are the antecedent from where love and prejudice emanate. Ordinarily, prejudice comes when a certain faction of people discriminate an individual either by race or color. Interestingly, the group has a leader who forces others to believe in discrimination. Although some members may be aware that what they are doing is wrong, they find themselves in a sorry state, as any resistance to what the group believes will makes them outcasts. Additionally, it is important to note that the group has an influencing power to facilitate socially how every member conducts himself or herself. At the same time, no member of the group risks being an outcast by opposing others. Such cases are more common in children as compared to adults. As Kowalski and Westen notes, no substantive amount of salutary intercession can stop people from practicing prejudice and stereotyping. This is because many people follow the crowd irrespective of whether he crowd is doing the right thing or not. Perhaps this is the reason why in the contemporary world; altruism is something hard to come across (pp. 8-27).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another component of social influence is the sensation of attraction and falling in love. The two, love and attraction, can develop as a first impression, in this case, directed towards a certain individual. Noticeably, the foremost thing that a person keenly observes in a person of the opposite sex is of course, the physical appearance of that individual. Depending on personal preferences and even culture, each person has different assertions on the characteristics that attract him or her most. Nevertheless, it is important to note that at first sight, the first impression about someone is the p aramount thing. Any behavior of the sensation of attraction or love towards someone comes later. Undoubtedly, social researchers quickly assert that love is brings out the feeling of contentment and self-assurance in human beings. In most cases, where love exists, altruism comes into action, since the persons involved ends up being happy and better than they were (Schueler, 1997, p.1). Studies show that love as complex as it is, exhibits itself as evolutionary and biological. In most cases, the studies explain the genesis of love as biological. However, it is important to note that due to social interactions, social groupings, social loafing and groupthink; the nature of love has made it easier to modify it into an assortment of cultures. On the other hand, love exhibits itself when human beings protect their progeny. Nevertheless, some instances can make love plummet amid its disassociation from intervention of any type. For example, if one person becomes abusive due to stress or j ealousy, then the concept of love as an ingredient of social influence ceases. Captivatingly, some people may choose to remain in an abusive relationship just because they love their partners. Apparently, such situations require a certain therapy to deal with. In other words, love and prejudice are paramount circumstances that we cannot do without, simply because each one of them tries to accomplish various genuses of biological and evolutionary demands. For instance, prejudice pleads for inclusivity in major social groupings. On the other hand, no human being likes being alone. All human being desires to associate with other people hence, the concept of love. It is also important to note that love is a fundamental necessitate for reproduction and survival. Perhaps this is the reason why people appear to care for others and making sure that the lineage survives (Kowalski Westen, 2009, pp. 31-76).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Influences on Behavio r specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, so far, love and prejudice remain the strongest social influences on how human beings conduct themselves. From the two emanate an assortment of motions that range from irritation to hopelessness to self-assurance and happiness. Without any doubt, the behavior of people can affect the attitude and self-esteem of other people in social loafing. Social influence can also affect individual personality and behavior, and sometimes lead to discrimination. Reference List Ainette, M. Carmella, W. (2011). Social Influence. Behavioral Research. Web. Kowalski, R., Westen, D. (2009). Psychology. (5th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley and Sons. Schueler, G. (1997). Social Influence on Behavior. Web.

Evaluation argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluation argument - Essay Example However, the pathway to the dream becomes a nightmare. One of the aspects that make the movie rather exceptional is emanates from the storyline. Starring Al Pacino as Tony Montana, the movie contains not even a slight scrap of anything that can be mistaken for over-romanticizing, which the movie further scorn devoid of any mercy. As long as it is, it mainly demonstrates the impact of a single gasping story about the rapid rise and fall of a young lad in a cocaine industry. Unlike the original version of the movie that was rather emotional, Scarface presents a persistently vicious, ironic account of greed in which all the emotions that one is supposed to deem decent, are brought out in a manner that can be misrepresented. The movie is also remarkable in its casting especially in terms of the role given to Tony Montana who is depicted as intelligent yet hollow-eyed individual who seems to lack a promising future, however, his greediness and ambitions are so intense that they can at the same time be viewed as heroic in magnitude. Although many people may the dispute the cruelty of Tony Montana, this can be regarded as one of the strongest points of the movie in the sense that, after first developing a strong emotional attachment with the viewers, it reaches a point where Tony’s character starts to putrefy. Tony has absolutely no hesitation about taking a life for any profitable course that ironically makes him adored by the Florida drug baron. Another strong point of the movie can be derived from the fact that unlike other films where the climax is marked by the main character achieving the best out of all possible situations, in Scarface, Tony’s fall marks the high point of the movie. The last quarter of the movie treats the viewers to the scene of a paranoid Tony Montana whose addiction to cocaine has seen him losing control of himself and his business in general. The extent of his lack of control

Principles of Operations Management by J.Heizer & B.Render Essay

Principles of Operations Management by J.Heizer & B.Render - Essay Example Creating an image thus refers to the process of determining the perception the organization seeks to influence on its different publics. The organization interacts differently with its different publics. Among the publics is its staff, the customers, shareholders and the media among others. The management of the organization must determine the perception that each of the groups have about its operations in order to maximize of profitability (Hill & Jones, 2011). In analyzing the importance and the process of image building, the author uses the metaphor of a porter who at the beginning of his crafting work has a piece of clay but must work and create a new product from the same. The porter therefore conceptualizes an idea and determines the best way of executing through an appropriate design. In the metaphor, the author sees managers as artisans and the strategies they use to approach the various organizational publics as their clay. Just as the porter some must they employ the most a ppropriate strategies to earn the organization the best reputation among every audience group in order to sustain the organization’s profitability objective. Strategy determination is most important; the managers must determine an appropriate strategy of executing a plan of action with the view of achieving a particular objective. The strategy is important to the artisan just as it is to the managers. The author of the article approaches the concept as a review of the organizations past performance and its plans for the future. In crafting a pot or nay other clay product, the craftsman will refer to his past works before infusing such thoughts with the future products. Using his past works as a reference to influence his current work, the porter thus creates a new product that best fits his objectives. The same scenario applies to managers who must make effective managerial decisions on an everyday basis. The decisions the managers make influence the public’s perceptio n about the organization. In doing this, the managers must therefore use their experiences at the organization. An analysis of past decisions provides managers with an effective and reliable reference points (Mintzberg, 1971). The managers thus refer to the outcomes of past decisions of the diverse publics the organization has before constructing a current decision, which must also reflect the organization’s future. While the future is always a gamble, the past on the contrary is concrete owing to the fact that the organization had previously experienced the same. The managers thus make decision using the past reactions of the same publics but project such reactions on the future. In case of desirable reactions, the organization must improve on such with the view of increasing the scope of the organization’s acceptance among its specific publics. In case of an undesirable reaction by a particular public, the managers must seek to redress such by employing effective fut ure decisions that best address all the points of weakness in the past decisions. The author asserts that managers must read the mind of the organization. In doing this, the manager must assume the position of the specific public and therefore work on strategies that are effective enough to address their particular concerns about the organization. The process is cumbersome but requires an equally effective market research. Marketing is a management role concerned with the determination, identification and the sustainment of the customer’s demands from the market. Marketers as managers thus rely on the quality of their market researches to determine the future productions of the organization. The same is the case with all other managers when determining the strategies of solving

Mind-Body Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Mind-Body Problem - Essay Example The five theories include behaviorism, dualism, reductionism, functionalism, and eliminative materialism and each of them has its own tenet in explaining the behavior of a person in a certain context (Turner 4-6). According to dualism perspective of looking at human life, there are different sides of life that conflict or complement each other in the process of an individual acting in a context. For example, according to the theory, one person behaves in a certain way because of the moral dualism that exists between the people and which explains that there are two sides of morality. This means that a person’s actions can be either towards morality or against it, which is shaped by the various ways of defining morality from different contexts and societies or societal description of it (Turner 39-41). Behaviorism is a theory that explains the actions of an individual from the context of the past behavioral actions to predict because the theory argues on the bases of human exper ience in society. This theory argues that what is manifested physically by a person can be used to explain the differences that are in the mind of the individual and people can use clear analysis of behaviors to give explanations that are relevant to predicting their behavior. This means that according to behaviorists, the behavior of a person is consistent according to the things they do or the things they engage themselves and if a person can be able to identify the trends of behavior of another, he or she can be able to predict the way the first person will respond to a situation (Turner 76). According to the functionalist theory, the mental constructs exist because of its function it serves and without such, it cannot be important to the individual who has them. This means the beliefs, desires, and pain exist in the mind of a person because that person needs them to perform an action in the context he or she finds himself or herself. This implies that according to functionalist, mental constructs are void and irrelevant if they do not exist to serve any purpose in the person who has them whether they are perceivable to be good or bad (Turner 78). According to the perspective of the reductionist, a system that is complicated and has many constituents has an influence on the small constituents and they can be used to explain the constituent. According to these theorists, for example, in a society, the general culture shapes the behavior of individuals and these individuals can be used to explain the reasons why culture is the way it is. This means that the individuals in a certain context are dependent on the general context of behavior and therefore, one of them in that context can be used to explain why the groups behave the way it does (Turner 93-94). The theory of eliminative materialism argues that there are no neural bases that can be used to explain various contexts of desire or beliefs of a person since they have poor definitions.  

Nerve And Tendon Gliding Exercises Health And Social Care Essay

Nerve And Tendon Gliding Exercises Health And Social Care Essay Carpal Tunnel Syndrome was first described by Sir James Paget in 1854 but the term was coined by Moeirisch. It is a syndrome of compression neuropathy of median nerve at the wrist. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome results in considerable discomfort and pain, limitation of activities of daily living, loss of sleep and work disability. (Levine et al., 1993). Twenty percent of symptomatic subjects with symptoms of pain, numbness, nocturnal parasthesia and tingling sensation in the hand would be expected to have Carpal tunnel syndrome based on the clinical examination and electro physiologic testing. CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME IN PREGNANCY Carpal tunnel Syndrome is more frequent in pregnancy because the systemic process increases the extra capsular fluid retention by the hormone Prolactin and produce soft tissue swelling in the later stages (third trimester) of their pregnancies. The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can thus be produced by compression or swelling of the median nerve in its synovial sheath (Gelberman et al., 1981; Snell, 2000; Szabo, 1989; Primal Pictures, 2001; Rempel et al., 1999). Many therapies have been advocated for treating the carpal tunnel syndrome including Mobilizations, nerve gliding, tendon gliding, etc. Therefore the presence study was focused on the Effect of Nerve and Tendon gliding Exercises in the functional recovery of the carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy. Tendon gliding Exercises were mostly performed at the end range of motion at small amplitude are performed at the limit of available motion and stressed into the tissue resistance. These exercises are thought to relieve pressure on the median nerve and stretch the carpal ligaments, which also helps decrease pressure. They are also thought to help blood flow out of the carpal tunnel, which can help decrease fluid pressure. INCLUSIVE CRITERIA Pregnant Women with pain and swelling in the wrist for at least 1 month. Pregnant women with both unilateral and bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. Pregnant women with age group between 25years and 32years. EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA Non-pregnant women with carpal tunnel syndrome. Pregnant women having other complications like hypothyroidism, diabetes that may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. Any other trauma related injuries in hand. Males. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nerve and Tendon Gliding Exercises. Functional Status Scale for measuring functional activity. HYPOTHESIS Nerve and Tendon Gliding Exercise programme will be effective in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy. NULL HYPOTHESIS There may not be any significance between the nerve and tendon gliding exercise programme and carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine from the available evidence the effectiveness of Nerve and Tendon gliding exercises programme in carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy using Functional Status Scale for performance and Symptom Severity Scale for wrist pain. STUDY DESIGN A total of 20 patients having carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy are selected to find out the effectiveness of nerve and tendon gliding exercises on them. The duration of study per patient 4 weeks Treatment session 10 minutes per session / 2settings Treatment per week 7 days DURATION OF STUDY: 6 months OUTCOME Relief of pain and swelling in hand. An improvement in the functional ability of hand. Awareness is created for the working pregnant women especially with computers, typewriters, cake decorators, postal workers, dentists, and dental technicians virtually, who use their hands and wrists repetitively. Avoiding the severity of median nerve injury, which may lead to claw hand if unnoticed. INTRODUCTION Sir James Paget first described carpal Tunnel Syndrome in 1854 but Moeirisch coined the term. It is a syndrome of compression neuropathy of median nerve at the wrist. INTRODUCTION: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome results in considerable discomfort and pain, limitation of activities of daily living, loss of sleep and work disability. (Levine et al., 1993). The Carpal Tunnels floor is made up of the 8 tiny wrist bones. Its roof is a thick ligament called the transverse carpal ligament. 9 tendons pass through this tunnel. 4 of the 9 tendons bend the tips of the finger, another 4 of the 9 tendons bend the middle joints of the finger, and the 9th tendon bends the thumb tip. The median nerve passes through this tunnel. When there is swelling or if there is thickening of the ligament the nerve gets pinched or compresses. With enough compression carpal tunnel symptoms occur. If the compression is severe or occurs over a longer period of time the nerve may change shape and flatten causing some permanent damage. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome occurs due to many causes like Wrist injury CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME IN PREGNANCY Carpal tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is more frequent in pregnancy because the systemic process increases the extra capsular fluid retention by the hormone Prolactin and produce soft tissue swelling in the later stages (third trimester) of their pregnancies. The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can thus be produced by compression or swelling of the median nerve in its synovial sheath (Gelberman et al., 1981; Snell, 2000; Szabo, 1989; Primal Pictures, 2001; Rempel et al., 1999). CTS have been recognized as a common complication of pregnancy (HeckmanSassard, 1994). The pathophysiology of pregnancy related CTS (PRCTS) has been mostly attributed to redistribution of fluids (Ekman-Ordeberg et al., 1987; Wand, 1990; Pauda et al.,2001). Signs And Symptoms 1.Pain that shoots from the hand up the arm as far as the shoulder. 2.Tingling in the hands during the day or the night that disrupts sleep and limits the ability to grasp objects with the hands. 3.Weak feeling in the hands, and the inability to pick up small objects. 4. The feeling that the hands are swollen, even if they do not appear to be so. 5.Burning numbness and tingling sensation in the thumb and first three fingers. 6.Weakness in the muscle at the base of the thumb, near the palm. Motor weakness will be seen in abductor pollicis brevis, flexor polices brevis and opponens policis brevis. Passive flexion or hyperextension of the affected hand at the wrist for more than one minute may worsaen symptoms.(Phalen.G.S.,1966). Percussion of the median nerve at the wrist causes paresthesis of the digits (Steward.J.D.,1978). Early Treatment 1.Splinting the wrist in a neutral position. 2.Avoiding the activities which causes pain if possible 3.Tendon and nerve gliding exercises. 4.Massaging 5.Elevating the arm or flicking 6.Neural mobilization 7.Ultrasound, icing, as pain relieving modality etc. Non operative treatment s is more effective in early stageas such as NSAIDS and local corticosteroids injections.If the probl;em is severe surgery is made to release the carpal tunnel. Diagnostic criteria Harrington etal suggested surveillance criteria for carpal tunnel syndrome should be pain or parasthesia or sensory losss in the median nerve distribution and one of the following: Tinels sign positive Phalens test positive Nocturnal exacerbation of symptoms Motor loss with wasting of the abductor pollicis brevis Abnormal nerve conduction studies. Nocturnal and exertonal dyesthesias in the radial half of the palm occur in 10% to 25% of pregnant women. When the carpal tunnel syndrome occurs, the symptoms area more often bilateral. Onset of symptoms is typical during the third trimester. Because of itas trnsient nature carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy is best treated by using conservative measures, such as tendon and nerve gliding exercises. That subsequent pregnanciesaraae frequently associated with repeated episodes of carpal tunnel syndrome confirms the association of carpal tunnel syndrome and pregnancy. Gliding Exercises Tendon gliding and median nerve-gliding exercises are two types of exercises that may help with carpal tunnel syndrome. These exercises are thought to relieve pressure on the median nerve and stretch the carpal ligaments, which also helps decrease pressure. They are aolso thought to help blood fow out of the carpal tunnel, which can help decrease fluid pressure. Fist Flexion Exercises Fist Flexion Exercises(also known as tendon gliding exercises) move your fingers through five positions while your wrist stays in a neutral position(meaning it is not bend). To perform this exercise, do the following: 1.Start with your fingers straight. 2.Make a hook fist and then return to a straight hand. 3.Make a straight fist and then return to a straight hand. 4.Make a full fist andthen return to a straight hand. Hold each positons for seven seconds amd do 10 repetitions. Repeat three times to five timeas a day. Median Nerve Gliding Exercises For median nerve gliding exercises ou move yout thumb through 6 positi0nswhile your wrist stays a neutral position. To perform this exercise, do the following: 1.Begin by making a fist with your wrisat in the neutral position. 2.Straigthen your fingers anad thumb. 3.Bend your wrist back and move your thumb away from your palm 4.Turn your wrist palm up 5.Use your other hand to gently pull uyout thumb farther away from your palm. Hold each position for seven seconds, and do five repetitions. Repeat three ti five times a day. Effectiveness of the Tendon and nerve gliding exercises used as conservative treatment approachesd in relieving the symptoms of the carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy.(Lamia Pinar, Asgel Enhos et al.,) Definition Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by compression of median nerve within the carpal tunnel leads to sensory changesover the lateral side of the hand and muscle weakness in thenar eminence, results in pain, numbness and tingling of fingers. It usually occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Aim of Study A STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF NERVE AND TENDON GLIDING EXERCISES AS TREATMENT APPROACH TO CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME DURING PREGNANCY. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine from the available evidence the effectiveness of Nerve and Tendon gliding exercises programme in carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy using Functional Status Scale for performance and Visual Analogue scale for wrist pain. HYPOTHESIS NULL HYPOTHESIS There may not be no significance between the nerve and tendon gliding exercise programme and carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy. Alternate Hypothesis Nerve and Tendon Gliding Exercise programme will be effective in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy. Review of literature 1.Lamia Pinar, Asgel Enhos et.al Conducted an experiment study on total of 26 patients with caroal tunnel syndrome were divided into two groups. In one group the volar splint were applied and trained to modify their functional activities in accordance witrh conservative treatment. In group two tendon gliding exercises were continued for 4 weeks with numeric rating scale and Gonuiometry. It comcluded that group two reported excellent results in pain reduction and functional improvement than gropup one. 2.Akaline.E.,et.al.,(2002) Conducted an experimental study on carpal tunnel syndrome with a total of 28 patients with 36 hands of CTS, which were divided into two groups, with 14 patients each. One group was treated with nerve and tendon gliding exercises along with custom made neutral volar splint, and another group was treataed with only neutral volar splint for 4 weeks continuously. Patientas satisfaction was invesatigated during the follow up ranging from 5-11 month, with a mean of 8 month. The study explained that, of those patients who performed nerve and tendon gliding exercise with wearing custom made neutral volar splint, 93% reported good results, and of those patients who have only wearing neutral volar splint, 72% reported good results. American Journal of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 2002, Feb;81(2), Pp:108-13). 3.Rosemaryn .L.M., et.al.,(1998) Conducted an experimental study on carpal tunnel syndrome with 240 hands, from 197 patients. They were divided into two groups. Patients in both groups were treated with standard conservative methods, and those in one group were also treated with a program of nerve and tendon gliding exercise of those who did not perform the nerve and tendon gliding exercise, 71.2% underwent surgery compared with only 43.0% of patients who did perform them. Patient in experimental group, who did not undergo surgery were interviewed at an average follow-up time of 23 months (range, 14-38 months), of these 53 patients, 47(89%) responded to this detailed interview of those 47, who responded, 70.2% reported good or excellent results, 19.2% remained symptomatic, and 10.6% were non-complaint.(Journal of Hand Therapy, 1998, Jul-Sep:11(3),171-9). 4.Dakowick.A.,(2005) the purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness in conservative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. 40 Patients aged 30-72 years, with unilateral CTS cofirmed by EMG examination were included. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on clinical symptoms according to Whitley. The character of pain, its frequency and intensity (VAS Scale) were determined using parameter. Decrease in pain was observed by the usae of VAS. (Rock Akad Med Bialmyst, 2005:50-suppi:196-8). 5.Bonebrake.A.R.,et.al.,(1990) the study was designed to assess the efficacy of a proposed new and unique programme relative to treatment. The patients diagnosed as CTS were compared to control to a control population showing no symptoms. Prior to undergoing treatment and following completion of the treatment programme. Results indicate that individuals with CTS had significantly lower values in strength, ROM, and slower task performance than did the control;ratings of pain anad distress were also significantly higher than the control groups. Analysis of the post treatmaent cases revealed statistically significant improvements in several measures of up to statistically significant improvements in several measure of up to 25% over post treatment values. Significant improvement was also shown to several ROM measures of upto 22%. Finally, a significant reduction of 15% pain and distress ratings was demonstrated in the post treatment cases. (Journal of Manipulative Physical Therapy, 1994 (May);17(4):246-249). 6.Scrimsha.S.R.,et.al.,(2001) Conducted a comparative study between the responsiveness of Visual analogue scale and McGill pain questionnaire. Measures in 75% patients and concluded that the VAS was a better tool than the McGill pain questionnaire for measuring pain in clinical practise. 7.O.Baysal, Z.Altay et.al Conducted a study in 28 female patient with clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of bilateral carapal tunnel syndrome. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 received tendon gliding exercise with splinting. Group 2 received splinting with ultrasound for a period of 4 weeks with Visual analogue scale and Functional status scale. 8.Bringer TL.,Roger IC et.al conducted a randomized trial in totoal of 61 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. They were divided into four groups. Group 1 received neutral wrist and MCP exercise group. Group 2 received neutral wrist MCP exercise along with splint. Group 3 received wrist cock-up exercise and Group 4 received wrist cock-up exercise and tendon gliding exercise along with splintas perfoarmed 3 times a day. The tool used to asses the function is functional Status Scale and Symptom Severity Scale. There was significant effect in Group4. 9. Sonodyn, Sieman(2000) Conducted an experiment on study of 16 patients. They was treataed with Ultrasound for a period of 4 weeks and the pain was assessed. In this, 88% reported good reasult and reduction pain was assessed by using Visual Analogue Scale. 10. Davis.P.T.,et. al., (1998) Conducted an experimental study to compare the efficiency of conservative management care with chiropractic care in treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. The group with 9 week of treatment and a 1 month follow-up interview. 96 eligible patients with symptoms were conformend by clinical exam and nerve conduction studies. Conservative treamtment included mobilization of carpal bone, soft tissues, joints (three treatment per week for 2 wee, two treatment per week for 3 week, and one treatment per week for 4 wek). Main outcomes measures were pre and post assessment of self reported physical and mental distress, nerve-conduction studies, results show that there was significant improvement in perceived function and comfort, neve conductuion and finger sensation. (Journal of Manipulative Physiotherapy, 1999 June;22(55);348-9) 11. FD Burke, J Ellis, H McKenna, M J Bradley(2003) Carpal Tunnel syndrome of mild to moderate severity can often be effectively treated in a primary care environment. Work space modifications wrist splints tendon and nerve gliding exercises are of benefit and useful for symptomatic women in the third trimester of pregnancy. 12.Shaafi Sh*, Naimain Sh*, Iromlou H*, Sayyah Melli M** A convenience sample of 90 pregnant women (30 women from each trimester) were referred from Al-Zahra Hospital of the electrodiagnostic ward of examined clinically and then by electroneurodiagnostic tests.There were suspected symptoms of CTS in 45 patients. The most frequent symptom and sign were hands paresthesia(34%) and positive tinel and phalen sign(each22%). CTS was definite diagnosis in 15 women(16.6%) by electroneurodiagnostic studies. Mild bilateral involvement was seen in 73.3% of patients. There was a meaningful relationship between CTAS and trimester that 26.6% of patients were at third trimester. Also there was a meaningful relation to age. The CTS was more frequent in ilder women. 13.BaumannF, Karlikaya G, Yuksel G, Citci B, Kose G, Tireli H(2007) Pregnant women in the third trimesater (n=69) and age-matched non-pregnant women (n=40) asymptomatic for CTS were included in the studyNerve conductn studies of themedian and the ulnar nerves across the carpal tunnel were bilaterally performed with the standard techniques. All the median sensory nerve conduction studies performed from the ring finger and palmar region to the wrist. Median sensory nerve latencies from palmar branches to wrist were significantly longer in the pregnant group.(p 14. OConner.D.,et.al.,(2002) Conducted an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of non surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome versus a placebo or other non-surgical control interventions in improving clinical outcome. Twenty ine trials involving 884 people were included. In one trial involving 21 people carpal bone mobilization significantly improved symptoms after three weeks, (weighted mean difference is -1.43;95% confidence interval is 2.19 to -0.67), compared to no treamtment. Current evidence shows significant short term bebefit from carpal bone mobilization. (Cochrane Databasae syst Rev.2003;(1):CD003219). MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY FULL PAGE MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY MATERIALS USED Couch Chair Pillow Foot stool VAS SCALE FUNCTIONAL STATUS SCALE METHODOLOGY STUDY DESIGN Quasi experimental study with Pre Vs.Post test design. STUDY SAMPLING The 10 samplings were selected from Retna Global Hospital, Trichy and Thanthai Roever College of Physiotherapy, perambalur. A total number of 10 subjects were diagnosed as symptomatic Carpal Tunnel syndrome during pregnancy at age group of years was selected by Quasi-experimental purposive random sampling method after giving due consideration to inclusion and exclusion criteria. STUDY SETTING The study was conducted at Outpatient Physiotherapy Department in Thanthai Roever College of Phsiotherapy, Perambalur, Rathna Global Hospital, EMG Laboratory in PG Studies under the supervision of concerned authority. STUDY DURATION The study was conducted for a period of 4 weeks. INCLUSION CRITERIA Pregnant women with pain and swelling in the wrist for 1 month. Both unilateral and bilateral involvement. Age 25 years and 32 years. EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA Non pregnant women with carpal tunnel syndrome. Pregnant women having other complications like hypothyroidism, diabetes which may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. Any other trauma related injuries. Abnormal X-Ray of the wrist. Males. Gained surgical of symptoms. History of steroid injection into the carpal tunnel. PARAMETER A.VISUAL ANALOGUE SCALE(VAS) The VAS Scale is the valid and reliable measurement tool for pain.It is used to measure the pain response that the patient experience before and after nerve and tendon gliding exercises of median nerve. VAS Scale consists of 10cm horizontal line with two ends labeled as no pain(0) and severe pain(10), the patient will mark a point on the line, which corresponds to the intensity of pain what theyexperience. B.FUNCTIONAL STATAUS SCALE(FSS) Functional Status Scale was used to measure the functional disability offhand. It consists of six items of questionnaire (writing, buttoning of clothes, holding a book while reading, household, carrying grocery bags, bathing and dressing). SCORING 06-12 -No difficulty 13-18 -Mild difficulty 19-24 -Moderate difficulty 25-29 -cannot do at all due to hand or wrist symptoms. PROCEDURE A total of 10 subjects with symptomatic carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy was selected randomly with due consideration to inclusion an exclusion criteria A brief demonstration was given about tendon and nerve gliding techniques for the patient. Pre test data and post taest data was collected with VAS and FSS Scale. The results were recorded. The subjects weare given nerve and tendon gliding exercises. The results of post test of the same parameter was recorded and compared. Statistical tools The statistical tool used in this study were paired t-test. PAIRED T-TEST à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœt-test was used to find out the statistical significance between Pre and Post test values of tendon and nerve gliding exercises and VAS pain response and FSS Scale response before and after treatment. FORMULA: PAIRED T-TEST S= à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœdà ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿ d =Difference between the Pre Test Vs post Test _ d= Mean difference n=Total number of subjects S=Standard deviation DATA PRESENTATION DATA PRESENTATION TABLE-1 S.No Visual Analogue scale Pre Test Post Test Functional Status Scale Pre Test Post Test 1. 8 4 27 16 2. 7 3 27 12 3. 8 5 26 15 4. 9 4 29 13 5. 7 2 25 15 6. 8 4 25 12 7. 9 3 28 16 8. 7 4 28 16 9. 8 2 27 17 10. 8 3 28 14 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the Datas collected from 10 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy and the effect of nerve and tendon gliding exercises aas a treatment approach to carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy by comparing the VAS Scale for pain response and FSS for functional ability. TABLE II The table II shows the mean value, mean diference, standard deviation and paired t value between pre and post test value of Visual Analogue Scale for patientas whao have been subjected to tendon anad nerve gliding exercises. VAS Mean Mean difference Standard deviation Paired t value Pre test Post test 7.9 3.4 4.5 1.07 13.28 It explains the paired t value of pre and post test value was 13.28 at 0.05 level of significance which was greate than the tabulated t value 2.26. This showed that there was a statistical significant difference between pre versus post test. The pre test mean was 7.9 the post test mean waas3.4 and the difference was 4.5 which showed that there was a reduction in Visual Analogue Scale score in post test values in which the recovery of selected samples in response to intervention. THEREFORE THE STUDY IS REJECTING THE NULL HYPOTHESIS AND ACCEPTING THE ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS. Graph Visual analogue scale: Pretest VS Post test Series1: Pretest Series2: Posttest Functional Status Scale: Pre test Vs Post Test Series1: Pretest Series2: Posttest TABLE III Table III representas the mean values,mean difference, standard deviation and paired t value of Functional Status Scale who have been subjected to tendon and nerve gliding exercises. FSS Score Mean Mean difference Standard deviation Paired t value Pre test Post test 27.1 14.6 12.5 2.22 17.7 It explains the paired t value of pre versus post sessions awas 17.7 at 0.05 level of significance which was greater than the tabulated t value 2.26. this showed that there was a statistical significant difference between the pre and post test resultas. The pr tesat ment was 27.1, the post test ment was 14.6,and the difference was 12.5 which showed that there was a reduction in functional status scale score in post test values in which recovery of the selected samples in response to intervention. Thrrefore the study is rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the alternate hypothesis. Graph DISCUSSION DISCUSSION The aim of the study was to determine the effect of tendon and nerve gliding excercises in reducing the pain and improving the functional ability of hand in patient with carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy. Carpal tunnel syndrome is most common and significant of all nerve entrapment syndromes (Phalen.G.S. 1972). It causes 20% of all compression syndromes especially in the third trimester of pregnancies. A total number of 10 subjects of age group of 25-32 years were selected for the study. Visual Analogue Scale for pain and Functional Status Scale for functional ability were taken as parameters to measure the affliction of patients. Pre test data has collected for the subjects and computed. They were subjected to tendon and nerve gliding exercises for 4 weeks. The result of post teat of same parameter was recorded for comparison after 4 weeks of treatment. The paired t test was used to compare the pre VS post test results of subjects. Caarpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition among people who do repetitive wrk all day lke punching keys on computer or cash register or even pressing on the strings of a violin. Pregnant women are also susceptible to carpal tunnel syndrome even if they do not type or play msic all day. The studies have shown that one out of four pregnant women complains of the syndrome usually in the second or third trimester of pregnancy when fluid retention in the aarms and hands is more likely to put pressure on the nerve that leads to the hands anad fingers. The nervous system is normally under some pressure and tension. If the tension is breaked there results some movement(Millesi.et.al.1972). Dackowicz . A.,, conducted an study to evaluate the usefulness in conservative treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome. According to Butler neural tissue requires movement to promote healing and restoration of optimum mechanical properties.Decreased neural mobility and adverse mechanical tension in nervous system can generate pain.(Butler and Elvey 1978). Mchellan and Swash in 1976 noted that wrist and fingers extensor wil move the median nerve at wrist 2 or 4 times more than the middle of the upper arm. According to Asgel Enhos tendon requires movement to promote functional ability. Rosmaryn and Asgel Enhos said that the decreased tendon gliding in nervous system can generate pain. Rosmaryn proposed that radicular pain might be mobilizing the involved nerve. The mechanical respose is tendon movement in the cross sectional shape and viscoelastic function. So the treatment of tendon Gliding Exercise mah normalize the pressure gradient around the nervous system and releases the tendon thus reducing pain improving functional ability. Summary Summary The objective of the study was to determine from the available evidence the effectiveness of tendon and nerve gliding exercises programmed in reducing pain and of increasing the functional ability in the carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy. To conduct the study, the total number of 10 carpal tunnel pataients during pregnancy with both unilateral and bilateral involvement at the age group 25 to 32 years, who were suitable for inclusive criteria was selected by Quasi experimental purposive random sampling technique and informed consents were obtained from subjects individually. The pre and post test of VAS and FSS were conducted and recorded before and after treatment programmed for 4 weeks of nerve and tendon gliding exercises inmcarpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy. The paired t test is used to compare the pre and post test values of nerve anad tendon gliding exercises and the pain and functional ability are computed by the VAS and FSS Scale. In the analysis and interpretation of the data based on the Visual Analogue Scale for pain the paired t- test value (13.28), which was greater than the tabulated paired t test val

Reader-oriented Theories and Their Application to Ernest Hemingway’s Hi

Reader-oriented Theories and Their Application to Ernest Hemingway’s Hills like white elephants From the very beginning of the literature people tended to criticize the literary works according to some certain criteria. Some critics claimed that the text itself is important and some other said the author and his style is the thing that should be focused on. Form and content were the other significant elements in the history of the literary criticism. In addition, the social and political influences of the time that the work was written were also considered as important. However the reader who reads the work and his thoughts and his interpretations were not as valuable as the other criteria until late 19th and early 20th century. From then on we come up with a new approach, reader-response. The aim of the present paper is to give some basic tenets of the reader-oriented theories and their application to the work â€Å"Hills like white elephants† by Ernest Hemingway. We can say that Reader-oriented theories have no single or predominant philosophical starting point. There are quite different writers that commented on the reader response and they belong to different traditions of thought. They seriously challenge the predominance of the text-oriented theories of New Criticism and Formalism. As for them it is impossible to talk about the meaning of a text without considering the reader’s contribution to it. We see an interesting explanation about reader-response criticism by Tompkins. She claims that â€Å"reader response criticism is not a conceptually unified critical position, but a term that has come to be associated with the work of critics who use the words reader, the reading process, and response to mark out an area for investig... ...n and fertile part of the country was a symbol of the productive part of the woman and the barren part is the symbol of the man who did not want the baby. And the other readers stated that these two different parts of the land were a reflection of the inner part of the woman. The reason for the man not to want a baby was considered as an obstacle for him to travel. It was observed that the woman readers were supporting the woman in the story and the man readers were supporting the man’s part of the argument... Finally we can say that the discussion in the class and the differences in the interpretations showed us clearly the differences between the perceptions of the readers on the same work. In the lights of the reader-oriented theories one can claim that there is no single truth or meaning derived from the text, the responses will change as the readers change.

LEARNERS AND LEARNING ASSIGNMENT 4 Essay

INTRODUCTION Students learning English as a foreign language are often confronted with the challenge of learning and using English effectively. Some students seem to cope with the difficulties of language learning with great success and neither little effort, while for others the task is neither an enjoyable nor a successful one. What is it that makes learning a new language so easy for some and so difficult for others? One reason is that â€Å"each student has his/her own preferred way of learning that is determined by his/her cultural and educational background and personality† (Shoebottom, 2007). BRIEF LESSON OUTLINE In this assignment I evaluated differences in learners’ responses and considered ways in which the quality of their learning could be improved. The lesson was aimed to help the students understand and use the 2nd Conditional in the context of life survival. I designed a lesson of an escape survival plan at school which consisted in following rules of a fire exit plan in every room. It’s the kind of thing you always see on your hotel door, with a plan of all the exits, staircases, elevators and rooms. I gave them a fun and language rich way to use these plans in a zombie-infested building right here at school, of course, containing plenty of grammar-juice in it. STUDENT’S PROFILE There are 20 students in my class. The learners described are intermediate students whose ages varied from 16’s to 17’s.I have been teaching them for about 9 months. They show great interest in language learning and most of them like my teaching approaches and interact with me well in class. 2/3 of the students are of average level of the class. They like to communicate in class but are weak at the accuracy of language. DIFFERENCES IN LEARNERS’ RESPONSES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Having observed and taught the class, I can figure out that each student has his/her own way of following my teaching stages and activities during the lesson. These different ways seemed to influence how they responded to different teaching methods I applied in each activity and how successful they were in understanding and using the language focus. The differences discussed later include the learners’ age, motivation, personality, and social and cultural background. AGE Compared to motivation, personality, and social and cultural background, age seems to be easier to define and measure. Nevertheless, the relationship between learners’ age and their potential success in foreign or second language acquisition is still a subject of debate. â€Å"Linguists argue that many young learners are capable of communicating successfully in a foreign language, in terms of accent, word choice, or grammatical features because they begin learning a language when they are young† (Lightbown & Spada, 2003). I, therefore, planned and set up activities that helped them understand, practice, and produce the language form gradually in a relaxed atmosphere and a non-threatening way. My group stated that they preferred working in pairs to other options. They were shown to be well balanced in the primary senses; Visual, Auditory or Kinesthetic which people use principally in learning.  This information is in line with my observations of this group in class and I believe is also somewhat representative of their age. Being teenagers, they have still to fully develop their preferred learning styles and learners of this age group often feel self-conscious about being ‘criticized’ or corrected in front of others. Having said this, I found my group to be attentive and well-balanced learners. MOTIVATION My students were very motivated and excited planning their way out of a zombie-infested building. They started acting a little, and they could not wait to start the lesson. They did not mind following my instructions and were willing to do any activities set up in each teaching practice. In order to sustain the pupils’ motivation, I set up a variety of activities, i.e., guessing pictures, role play, listening tasks, team work, highlighting form and pronunciation, mingling speaking activity. By doing these various  activities, I could avoid boredom and increase their interest levels during the one hour lesson. Williams (1999) cites the work of Gardner (1985) and defines motivation as consisting of effort, plus desire to achieve the goal of learning, plus favorable attitudes towards learning the language. A distinction is made between integrative (or intrinsic) orientation, which occurs when the learner wishes to identify with the culture of the target language, and instrument al (extrinsic) orientation, which occurs when motivation arises from external goals, such as passing exams, financial rewards, or furthering a career. Lamb, M. (2012) adds a third category: success in the task, which is a combination of satisfaction and reward.  PERSONALITY One of the challenges I faced teaching this lesson (in the beginning) was the discipline. I made clear right from the start of the lesson what the rules of the classroom were and the consequences of not behaving well, this made the students’ behavior in my classroom much better The personality of the group as a whole was of outgoing teenagers. They were eager to participate and even the shy ones contributed willingly in this lesson. A few of them, the extroverts, were the ones who volunteered more. Usually, these are the most prominent students, and this helped in modeling correctly for their peers. They had no problem in following instructions and started work immediately. I was pleased to see they agreed to work without hesitation. They did prefer to work with a friend, as it often happens when they have been together for at least three years, but still they worked collaboratively. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND The social background of the students in this Institution is of a well-off family with moral values. The majority of them go abroad for their holidays and own a house and one or two cars. Their parents either own a business or have an executive position in a company. They belong to a club and have lessons in the afternoon of martial arts or practice a sport. During this lesson I noticed an active participation, students also play active roles in developing the knowledge that was to be learned, this in my own way of seeing things is that a student that has a better social status tends to be more organized and more structured this also involves some shifting of roles and responsibilities; teachers become less directive and more facilitative, while students assume increasing responsibility. During this class my students took risks with the language in communicative tasks. They expressed their ideas orally without being afraid of making mistakes. They were more concerned with speaking fluently than speaking accurately. Altogether, I believe a good social and cultural background contributes for a better learning environment. (Shoebotton, 2007) âÅ"” IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LEARNING FOR THE LEARNERS Having described my students above, I am determined to improve their learning quality through some teaching strategies I elaborate in the following paragraphs. The strategies will be in accordance with their age, motivation, personality, and social and cultural background. During the class I noticed that some students did their best to maintain communication with their peers, but their pronunciation and their structure was not very successful. I was very happy to see that the language was produced but I think it was not good enough for an activity of this magnitude. In the future I will conduct oral productive stages to cater the weak learners. Later, I will also monitor them and give feedback on their erroneous expressions so they will find the communicative activity more meaningful and almost at the same time they will pay more attention to form in a more interesting way. I will maintain highlighting form and pronunciation since they like to pay attention to details of language, es pecially grammar rules. I will set up activities related to language form so that they can be more motivated to show their grammar competence. Afterwards, I will ask them to practice the form in a guided speaking activity so that they will be more ready to enter a freer speaking activity. In relation to the students’ motivation, besides setting up activities that suit their learning characteristics, I will also keep setting up various activities ranging from initial to main activities and from receptive skill to productive skill stages. By doing so, I can avoid teaching patterns that potentially create boredom and gradually demotivate their learning spirit. Instead, I will conduct different activities in each stage that can optimally increase their motivation. CONCLUSION Having stated the learners and learning issues above, I believe that varying classroom activities, teachers will make sure to cater learners with different learning styles at least some of the time. If we balance the activities to suit the learning styles, it is quite probable that the outcome will be the result of a well-planned lesson. Timing also plays an important role in planning lessons. While some activities like completing a task in a limited time proves to set pressure upon the learners. This assignment makes me really reflect on my teaching experiences. I believe this assignment contributes a great deal towards my teaching skills and in turn potentially develop my understanding towards my students’ learning styles, responses, and achievements. References: Shoebottom, P. 2007. Language learning styles. Retrieved on November 23, 2007 from http://esl.fis.edu/parents/advice/styles.htm Lightbown, P.M. & Spada, N. 2003. How Languages Are Learned. UK: Oxford University Press Williams, M., & Burden, L. R. (1997). Psychology for language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gardner, R. C. (2006). The socio-educational model of second language acquisition: A research paradigm. EUROSLA Yearbook, 6, 237-260. Lamb, M. (2012). A self-system perspective on young adolescents’ motivation to learn English in rural and urban settings. Language Learning, 62, 997-1023.

Free Essays on The Toaster

Toasters are part of most people’s everyday breakfast; you plug it in, pop the bread in, push the lever down and you’re away. But there’s more to toasters than just making good toast. In this report I’ll take you through the inside story of the toaster, how it works, history and the technology required. Crompton and Co. invented the first electric toaster in 1893, though it first appeared in 1909. It was a manual toaster made possible by electricity. Manual meaning it toasted one side at a time and when it was done as desired, you pulled the plug. It wasn’t until 1919 that the first automatic electric toaster was invented by Charles Strite. Today’s modernized toaster is much simpler for the person to use, yet much more complicated for the device itself. It was created using the technology of current-resisting elements from electric irons and heaters. The toaster works by converting electrical energy into heat energy. To do this, the current flows directly from the power point, through the contacts to most often, the nichrome wires. Different metals react differently to the flow of current. Nichrome wires are seen to be the best as they have a fairly high electrical resistance, meaning even a short length of it has enough resistance to get quite hot. Also nichrome alloy doesn’t rust at high temperatures seen in the toaster. The conversion from electrical energy to heat energy happens by infrared radiation. Electrons moving from atom to atom along the nichrome wire cause a vibration. As this vibration of metal atoms increases, the wire gets hotter radiating heat from the element. Now this is the process of the manual toaster. Today’s toaster, for your convenience, also consists of a spring-loaded tray and a timer. These follow basically the same process but a circuit had been added. This circuit acts as a timer and is made up of transistors (for its switching behaviour-A small current can turn a larger current ... Free Essays on The Toaster Free Essays on The Toaster Toasters are part of most people’s everyday breakfast; you plug it in, pop the bread in, push the lever down and you’re away. But there’s more to toasters than just making good toast. In this report I’ll take you through the inside story of the toaster, how it works, history and the technology required. Crompton and Co. invented the first electric toaster in 1893, though it first appeared in 1909. It was a manual toaster made possible by electricity. Manual meaning it toasted one side at a time and when it was done as desired, you pulled the plug. It wasn’t until 1919 that the first automatic electric toaster was invented by Charles Strite. Today’s modernized toaster is much simpler for the person to use, yet much more complicated for the device itself. It was created using the technology of current-resisting elements from electric irons and heaters. The toaster works by converting electrical energy into heat energy. To do this, the current flows directly from the power point, through the contacts to most often, the nichrome wires. Different metals react differently to the flow of current. Nichrome wires are seen to be the best as they have a fairly high electrical resistance, meaning even a short length of it has enough resistance to get quite hot. Also nichrome alloy doesn’t rust at high temperatures seen in the toaster. The conversion from electrical energy to heat energy happens by infrared radiation. Electrons moving from atom to atom along the nichrome wire cause a vibration. As this vibration of metal atoms increases, the wire gets hotter radiating heat from the element. Now this is the process of the manual toaster. Today’s toaster, for your convenience, also consists of a spring-loaded tray and a timer. These follow basically the same process but a circuit had been added. This circuit acts as a timer and is made up of transistors (for its switching behaviour-A small current can turn a larger current ...

Pre-College Summer Programs Should You Go

Pre-College Summer Programs Should You Go SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're contemplating your summer plans, you may want to consider pre-college summer programs. These programs offerhigh school students the opportunity to live and learn on a college campus. In this article, I'll explain the different types of programs and let you know the benefits and drawbacks of attending them. Furthermore, I'll let you know if doing one of these programs can help you get into college. What Is a Pre-College Summer Program? A pre-college summer program offers high school students the opportunity to take classes at a college and experience college life during the summer. Many programs offer a residential and commuter option. Students can stay in dorms with their peers, or they can commute from home if they live close to the college. Typically, these programs range anywhere from one to eight weeks. During these programs, not only are students able to take classes from college professors or visiting scholars, but they’re also able to listen to lectures from alumni and participate in social activities. Many selective private colleges, including Stanford, Harvard, and Columbia, offer pre-college summer programs for high school students. Some of theseprograms are open enrollment (anyone can attend), and others require admission through an application process. The selective programs typically require teacher recommendations, application essays, and standardized test scores. Check a specific program’s website for its admissions requirements. Possible Benefits of Pre-College Summer Programs Spending part of your summer studying at college or a university may not sounds like the most fun, but it canoffer a number of potential benefits. Prepare for College Life For many students, adjusting to college life can be very difficult. A pre-college summer program enables you to spend time on a college campus and take classes from college professors. These programs can help ease the transition to college life when you go to college. You’ll be more familiar with the expectations of a college class, and you’ll be more comfortable navigating a college campus. Explore Your Academic Interests Pre-college programs allow you to take classes in subjects you’re interested in, or you can discover new interests. You can take courses in a wide variety of subjects like computer science, theater, economics, and philosophy. Enhance Your College Resume Colleges do like to see that you’re taking advantage of your summers to participate in meaningful activities. By attending a pre-college summer program, you can demonstrate your interest in academics and show that you’re motivated to do more than what’s required to pursue your academic passions. Exposure to a Specific College If you're strongly considering attending a certain college, going to its summer program can help you figure out if it's the right place for you. You'll get a feel for the campus and its location, and you may get the opportunity to interact with current students and professors. You'll come away with a better sense of whether you can see yourself thriving in that environment. Make New Friends You shouldn’t discount the social benefits of attending these programs. You can meet people from around the world and form meaningful relationships that will last beyond the program. Keep in mind that there are potential costs of attending these programs. Possible Drawbacksof Pre-College Summer Programs Though many students really enjoy attending these programs, there are some issues to consider. Cost Pre-college summer programs are expensive. For example, an 8-credit course at Harvard’s seven-week secondary school summer program costs $5,900 for tuition and $5,400 for housing. That doesn’t even include transportation costs if you don’t live near Harvard. However, Harvard does offer some financial aid that covers partof the tuition forstudents with outstanding academic records who demonstrate financial need. The all-inclusive cost for the three-week Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes is $6,300. That includes room and board and transportation between Stanford and San Francisco International Airport. These Programs May Not Help You Get Into College Many college experts believe that going to a pre-college summer program may in fact hurt your chances of getting into a selective college. If you go to a summer program at Brown and you apply to Cornell, Cornell may assume that you’re more interested in Brown. Also, due to the cost of pre-college programs, some admissions counselors believe that these programs are basically summer camp for wealthy students. Many advise students tofind more creative and low-cost ways to explore their passions. For example, you can volunteer to do research with a local college professor or work at an art museum. However, there are summer programs that will undoubtedly impress college admissions officers. Free, highly selective summer programs like Research Science Institute and the Young Engineering and Science Scholars will greatly enhance your college application because they only admit a limited number of exceptional students. Perfect Zero/Flickr Is a Pre-College Summer Program Right for You? I won't advise you whether or not you should do a pre-college summer program. That's your decision. However, if you can afford to attend one of these programs and feel like it would be a good option for you, I recommend tailoring it to your interests. Take courses that are related to your intended college major, or go to a program at a college that you may want to attend. Also, I don't think that doing a costly program will substantially hurt or help your college applications. However, it can be helpful if you excel in the program and get an outstanding recommendation from a professor. Additionally, if the program stimulates an academic interest or prepares you to do well in school, it can indirectly help your chances of gaining admission to the most selective colleges. What Are Some Well-Known Pre-College Summer Programs? If you do decide attending one of these programs is a good choice for you, here are some popularoptions to check out: Duke TIP Duke TIP serves students as young as 4th grade. It's meant to provide opportunities for academically gifted students. We've written articles on Duke TIP 7th grade Talent Search and Duke TIP SAT requirements. Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes and High School Summer College These are two different summer programs at Stanford. At the High School Summer College, you can take a quarter of Stanford classes with Stanford students. The Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes offer a three-week residential program for students to live in Stanford housing and take a class not often given at the high school level. Summer Institute for the Gifted This program is conducted at colleges across the country. It is designed for gifted and talented students from 5-17 years of age. There are residential and commuter programs. Summer@Brown Summer@Brown offers nearly 200 courses that range from 1-4 weeks. They are designed to reflect Brown's liberal arts curriculum, and they're taughtat the level of first-year college courses. To find the right program for you, there are a number of factors to consider: your budget, the length of the program, the available courses and credit options (some programs offer courses for college credit), and the location of the program. If there's a college that really intrigues you, check the school's website to see if it offers a summer program. You can use the Summer Program Finder to identify a program that fits your needs and interests. You can spend your summer at the beach or college. Or both. Recap Pre-college summer programs provide you with an opportunity to experience college life, explore your academic interests, and make friends. Even though these programs can help prepare you for college, just going to one won’t significantly impact your chances of getting into a selective college. If you’re interested in a pre-college summer program, you can find one at colleges across the country. You’ll be able to take classes in many subjects that aren’t usually offered at the high school level. What's Next? Find out what you need to get into Ivy League schools and the most selective colleges. Are you still uncertain if a pre-college program is right for you? Get some more ideas onhow you can spend your summer. If you're going into your senior year of high school, maybe your summer plan should include preparing for the SAT/ACT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Nursing Theory of Dorothea Orem Research Paper

The Nursing Theory of Dorothea Orem - Research Paper Example When she observed nurses in various hospitals, she found that while they generally were able to perform their job functions, they could not articulate the true purpose of nursing. Orem’s intention was to determine an appropriate focus for the profession that centered on individual patients. This theory was significant in the sense that it provided nurses with a clearer focus on what the profession entailed: helping those who were unable to help themselves due to their health conditions. This paper will give a biographical account of Dorothea Orem’s life and provide a complete description of the Orem Model of Nursing including the Self-Care Deficit Theory. The paper will include examples of how the theory can be applied in various medical settings. It will also discuss the contributions, value and relevancy of her theory. The Nursing Theory of Dorothea Orem Dorothea Orem was a nursing theorist who developed the Orem Model of Nursing also known as the Self-Care Nursing Theory. Orem's nursing theory states that caring for oneself is a basic human need. The duty of nurses is to design interventions to provide or manage self-care actions for individuals to recover or maintain health (Taylor, p. 74). Orem was one of the first theorists to realize that nursing is needed when humans are unable to care for themselves. She felt that â€Å"nursing is distinguished from other forms of care by the way it focuses on human beings† (Fawcett, 2001, p. 35). ... in 1934 and went on to the Catholic University of America to earn a Bachelor of Science in Nursing Education in 1939 and a Master of Science in Nursing Education in 1945 (â€Å"Dorothea Orem,† n.d.). Orem’s first jobs were at Providence Hospital, Washington, D.C. and St. John's Hospital in Lowell, Massachusetts. Some of the positions she held included operating room nurse, private nursing, hospital staff nursing in pediatric and adult medical –surgical units and evening emergency room supervisor. In 1945 she began to focus her career on nursing education. She worked as the director of Providence Hospital School of Nursing in Detroit and continued this phase of her career at the Catholic University of America where she worked as an Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Dean of Nursing. In 1949 she left Detroit and moved to Indiana where she found a position as a consultant in the Division of Hospital and Institutional Services of the Indiana State Board of Health. During her tenure there she intended to raise the standard of nursing in hospitals throughout the state (â€Å"Biography of Dorothea Orem,† n.d.). Between 1949 and 1957 Orem was able to closely observe nurses and their work as a result of her position with the Indiana State Board of Health. As a result of her observations she began to realize that nursing required a certain way of thinking as well as a certain way of communicating (Fawcett, 2001). In attempting to develop nursing as a meaningful profession, Orem asked herself three questions: â€Å"(1) What do nurses do and what should nurses do as practitioners of nursing? (2) Why do nurses do what they do? and (3) What results from what nurses do as practitioners of nursing?† (Fawcett, 2001, p. 34) She